https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=a541fe1a75

From a541fe1a7593f95c5b7d36993cf3fba0ec525574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Burdette Lamar <BurdetteLamar@Y...>
Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2021 17:43:34 -0500
Subject: Doc guide for class/module (#4600)

Co-authored-by: Marivaldo Cavalheiro <marivaldo@g...>
---
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 doc/method_documentation.rdoc | 211 -------------------------------
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 delete mode 100644 doc/method_documentation.rdoc

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+= Documentation Guide
+
+This guide discusses recommendations for documenting
+classes, modules, and methods
+in the Ruby core and in the Ruby standard library.
+
+== Goal
+
+The goal of Ruby documentation is to impart the most important
+and relevant in the shortest time.
+The reader should be able to quickly understand the usefulness
+of the subject code and how to use it.
+
+Providing too little information is bad, but providing unimportant
+information or unnecessary examples is not good either.
+Use your judgment about what the user needs to know.
+
+== General Guidelines
+
+- Keep in mind that the reader may not be fluent in \English.
+- Write short declarative or imperative sentences.
+- Group sentences into (ideally short) paragraphs,
+  each covering a single topic.
+- Organize material with
+  {headers}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Headers].
+- Refer to authoritative and relevant sources using
+  {links}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Links].
+- Use simple verb tenses: simple present, simple past, simple future.
+- Use simple sentence structure, not compound or complex structure.
+- Avoid:
+
+  - Excessive comma-separated phrases;
+    consider a {list}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Simple+Lists].
+  - Idioms and culture-specific references.
+  - Overuse of headers.
+
+=== \RDoc
+
+Ruby is documented using RDoc.
+For information on \RDoc syntax and features, see the
+{RDoc Markup Reference}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-RDoc+Markup+Reference].
+
+=== Output from <tt>irb</tt>
+
+For code examples, consider using interactive Ruby,
+{irb}[https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/irb/rdoc/IRB.html].
+
+For a code example that includes +irb+ output,
+consider aligning <tt># => ...</tt> in successive lines.
+Alignment may sometimes aid readability:
+
+  a = [1, 2, 3] #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  a.shuffle!    #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  a             #=> [2, 3, 1]
+
+=== Headers
+
+Organize a long discussion with
+{headers}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Headers].
+
+=== Blank Lines
+
+A blank line begins a new paragraph.
+
+A {code block}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Paragraphs+and+Verbatim]
+or {list}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Simple+Lists]
+should be preceded by and followed by a blank line.
+This is unnecessary for the HTML output, but helps in the +ri+ output.
+
+=== Auto-Linking
+
+In general, \RDoc's auto-linking should not be suppressed.
+For example, we should write +Array+, not <tt>\Array</tt>.
+
+We might consider whether to suppress when:
+
+- The word in question does not refer to a Ruby entity
+  (e.g., some uses of _Class_ or _English_).
+- The reference is to the current class document
+  (e.g., _Array_ in the documentation for class +Array+).
+- The same reference is repeated many times
+  (e.g., _RDoc_ on this page).
+
+== Documenting Classes and Modules
+
+The general structure of the class or module documentation should be:
+
+* Synopsis
+* Common uses, with examples
+* "What's Here" summary (optional)
+
+=== Synopsis
+
+The synopsis is a short description of what the class or module does
+and why the reader might want to use it.
+Avoid details in the synopsis.
+
+=== Common Uses
+
+Show common uses of the class or module.
+Depending on the class or module, this section may vary greatly
+in both length and complexity.
+
+=== What's Here Summary
+
+The documentation for a class or module may include a "What's Here" section.
+
+Guidelines:
+
+- The section title is <tt>What's Here</tt>.
+- Consider listing the parent class and any included modules; consider
+  {links}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Links]
+  to their "What's Here" sections if those exist.
+- List methods as a {labeled list}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Labeled+Lists].
+- Each list entry's label is a method name;
+  if the method has aliases, include those with the "base" method method,
+  and do not list them separately.
+- Check the rendered documentation to determine whether \RDoc has recognized
+  the method and linked to it;  if not, manually insert a
+  {link}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Links].
+- Each entry's description is a 1-line synopsis for the method.
+- Keep the description short.
+- If there are more entries, consider gouping them into subsections with headers.
+- If there are more than a few such subsections,
+  consider adding a table of contents just below the main section title.
+
+== Documenting Methods
+
+=== General Structure
+
+The general structure of the method documentation should be:
+
+* Calling sequence (for methods written in C).
+* Synopsis (short description).
+* Details and examples.
+* Argument description (if necessary).
+* Corner cases and exceptions.
+* Aliases.
+* Related methods (optional).
+
+=== Calling Sequence (for methods written in C)
+
+For methods written in Ruby, \RDoc documents the calling sequence automatically.
+
+For methods written in C, \RDoc cannot determine what arguments
+the method accepts, so those need to be documented using \RDoc directive
+{:call-seq:}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/RDoc/Markup.html#class-RDoc::Markup-label-Method+arguments].
+
+Example:
+
+  *  call-seq:
+  *    array.count -> integer
+  *    array.count(obj) -> integer
+  *    array.count {|element| ... } -> integer
+
+When creating the <tt>call-seq</tt>, use the form
+
+  receiver_type.method_name(arguments) {|block_arguments|} -> return_type
+
+Omit the parentheses for cases where the method does not accept arguments,
+and omit the block for cases where a block is not accepted.
+
+In the cases where method can return multiple different types, separate the
+types with "or".  If the method can return any type, use "object".  If the
+method returns the receiver, use "self".
+
+In cases where the method accepts optional arguments, use a <tt>call-seq</tt>
+with an optional argument if the method has the same behavior when an argument
+is omitted as when the argument is passed with the default value.  For example,
+use:
+
+  *     obj.respond_to?(symbol, include_all=false) -> true or false
+
+Instead of:
+
+  *     obj.respond_to?(symbol) -> true or false
+  *     obj.respond_to?(symbol, include_all) -> true or false
+
+However, as shown above for <tt>Array#count</tt>, use separate lines if the
+behavior is different if the argument is omitted.
+
+Omit aliases from the call-seq, but mention them near the end (see below).
+
+
+A +call-seq+ block should have <tt>{|x| ... }</tt>, not <tt>{|x| block }</tt> or <tt>{|x| code }</tt>.
+
+A +call-seq+ output should:
+
+- Have +self+, not +receiver+ or +array+.
+- Begin with +new_+ if and only if the output object is a new instance
+  of the receiver's class, to emphasize that the output object is not +self+.
+
+=== Synopsis
+
+The synopsis comes next, and is a short description of what the
+method does and why you would want to use it.  Ideally, this
+is a single sentence, but for more complex methods it may require
+an entire paragraph.
+
+For <tt>Array#count</tt>, the synopsis is:
+
+  Returns a count of specified elements.
+
+This is great as it is short and descriptive.  Avoid documenting
+too much in the synopsis, stick to the most important information
+for the benefit of the reader.
+
+=== Details and Examples
+
+Most non-trivial methods benefit from examples, as well as details
+beyond what is given in the synopsis.  In the details and examples
+section, you can document how the method handles different types
+of arguments, and provides examples on proper usage.  In this
+section, focus on how to use the method properly, not on how the
+method handles improper arguments or corner cases.
+
+Not every behavior of a method requires an example.  If the method
+is documented to return +self+, you don't need to provide an example
+showing the return value is the same as the receiver.  If the method
+is documented to return +nil+, you don't need to provide an example
+showing that it returns +nil+.  If the details mention that for a
+certain argument type, an empty array is returned, you don't need
+to provide an example for that.
+
+Only add an example if it provides the user additional information,
+do not add an example if it provides the same information given
+in the synopsis or details.  The purpose of examples is not to prove
+what the details are stating.
+
+=== Argument Description (if necessary)
+
+For methods that require arguments, if not obvious and not explicitly
+mentioned in the details or implicitly shown in the examples, you can
+provide details about the types of arguments supported.  When discussing
+the types of arguments, use simple language even if less-precise, such
+as "level must be an integer", not "level must be an Integer-convertible
+object".  The vast (... truncated)

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